Monopropellant and bipropellant are the two basic types in this category. Monopropellants do not require an oxidizer and produce thermal energy by decomposition either by ignition or by a catalyst. Since monopropellants cause hazards, they are not preferred. Its use is limited. It is used as a source of power to the turbine in a pump feed system. Examples of monopropellants are hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine and nitromethane. Biopropellant is a combination of an oxidizer and a fuel. On combining, this produces thermal energy. Some important combinations are hydrogen peroxide and gasoline, nitric acid and gasoline, liquid oxygen and alcohol, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and hydrazine, liquid fluorine and ammonia, liquid fluorine and liquid hydtrogen, nitric acid and aniline, nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide and ethyl diamene, ozone and cyanogens etc. Some combinations are hypergolic. The latest in this category is tripropellant which is a combination of metallic fuels and oxygen. The characteristics of liquid propellants are high calorific value, less toxicity, smooth ignition, high density, high reliability, negligible viscosity change with temperature, longer life span, low corrosion characteristics, easy to handle, easy to store and chemical stability.
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